Can cassava grow in the US? Learn where it thrives, what conditions it needs, and why farmers are eyeing this tropical root crop for American soil and markets.
While we in West Africa don’t worry about planting cassava, cassava lovers in the United States have everything to worry about.
If you’ve been thinking about growing something different that can handle heat and dry spells, cassava might have caught your attention.
Known for its use in gluten-free flour, animal feed, and even biofuel, cassava is already a staple crop in Africa, Asia, and South America.
But can cassava grow in the US?
That question matters now more than ever as American farmers look for resilient crops that can work in changing climates.
Some regions already show promise with their warm temperatures and long growing seasons.
Still, cassava isn’t a fit for every state. Its needs are specific, and large-scale success depends on more than just sunshine.
If you’re considering cassava for your farm or research project, it’s worth taking a closer look at how soil, weather, and local resources affect its growth in the US.
Recommended: Cassava in the United States – Everything to Know
Table of Contents
- Answering the Question – Can Cassava Grow in the US?
- What Growing Conditions Does Cassava Need in the US?
- Where in the United States Can Cassava Grow?
- Seasonal Challenges You Need to Know Before Growing Cassava
- Real-Life Trials: Can Cassava Grow Well in the United States?
- Growing Cassava Indoors or in a Greenhouse
- Legal and Agricultural Considerations for Growing Cassava in the U.S.
- Opportunities and Limitations of Growing Cassava in the U.S.
- How to Grow Cassava in America
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Conclusion
Answering the Question – Can Cassava Grow in the US?
Yes, cassava can grow in the U.S., mainly in warm, frost-free areas such as southern Florida, Texas, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii.
It requires well-drained soil, steady moisture early on, and a long growing season of 8 to 12 months.
While it thrives in tropical and subtropical climates, farmers in these regions are exploring cassava as a crop due to its uses in gluten-free foods, animal feed, and biofuel.
Success depends on selecting the right varieties, managing pests, and having access to processing facilities to handle the roots quickly after harvest.
Let’s break it down:
Related: Why Cassava is not Popular in the United States
What Growing Conditions Does Cassava Need in the US?
Cassava can grow in the U.S., but it needs the right environment to thrive.
If you’re thinking about planting it, your best shot is in areas like southern Florida, parts of Texas, and Puerto Rico.
Cassava prefers warm weather year-round, ideally between 68°F and 86°F. It grows well in sandy loam soil that drains easily and has a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
Early in its growth, cassava needs steady moisture, though it can handle some drought once established.
What it doesn’t tolerate is frost or poorly drained clay soils. If your land meets these conditions, cassava could be a smart addition to your crop lineup.
Want to see a full breakdown of climate, soil, and care tips? Read the full guide here.
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Where in the United States Can Cassava Grow?
As mentioned above, cassava needs warmth, sunlight, and the right soil to grow well.
If you’re planning to farm cassava in the United States, you’ll need to focus on regions that fall within USDA zones 9 to 11.
These zones are mostly found in the southern part of the country, where temperatures stay high enough for cassava to grow without interruption.
Let’s look at the areas that offer the best shot at a successful harvest.
Southern Florida: Year-Round Growing Conditions
If you’re in South Florida, you’re in one of the most favorable U.S. regions for growing cassava.
The warm temperatures stay consistent, rarely dropping low enough to harm the crop.
High humidity and frequent rainfall create ideal moisture levels that support steady growth.
The Everglades Agricultural Area is especially suited for cassava, offering rich, well-drained soils that help roots develop large and healthy.
This region’s long growing season lets you plant multiple crops per year if you manage timing carefully.
Because cassava roots can’t tolerate frost, South Florida’s mild winters provide a safe environment where the crop can mature without interruption.
Farmers here benefit from existing agricultural infrastructure, such as irrigation systems and local markets, which support cassava’s transition from experimental crop to reliable income source.
With the right planning around planting schedules and pest management, South Florida offers a strong foundation for turning cassava into a steady cash crop.
Related: Cassava and the American Gluten-free Lifestyle
Southern Texas: Warm, Sunny, and Close to Market
Southern Texas, particularly areas near the Gulf Coast, provides a warm climate and abundant sunlight that cassava needs.
The region experiences moderate rainfall, enough to support cassava’s early root growth without causing waterlogging, which can damage roots.
Cities like Brownsville and Corpus Christi are beneficial for farmers because they offer access to food processors and ports for easier shipping and trade.
This proximity to markets reduces transportation costs and opens export opportunities.
However, the climate in Southern Texas can be unpredictable. Cold snaps and occasional frosts pose a risk to cassava, so careful monitoring of weather forecasts is essential.
Protective measures, such as planting later in the season or using row covers, can help shield crops from sudden cold.
Soil quality varies, but many parts of this region have sandy, well-drained soils that cassava prefers. With proper irrigation and soil management, Southern Texas holds good potential for cassava cultivation.
Coastal California: A Risk Worth Considering
Cassava can be grown in parts of Southern and Central California where summers are hot and winters remain mild.
These Mediterranean climates offer enough warmth during the growing season, but irrigation is often necessary because rainfall is limited, especially in summer.
Well-drained soils are important here, as cassava does not tolerate standing water. Farmers should test their soil and improve drainage if needed before planting.
California’s strict water regulations and drought conditions can limit how much water you use, so efficient irrigation systems like drip lines are highly recommended to keep plants healthy while conserving water.
Due to these challenges, cassava farming in California is better suited for small-scale or niche producers who can carefully manage inputs and target specialty markets, such as local gluten-free flour or ethnic food supply.
While it requires more attention and resources than in tropical states, coastal California offers a chance to diversify crops in a region seeking sustainable, high-value alternatives.
Puerto Rico and Hawaii: Tropical Cassava Powerhouses
In tropical places like Puerto Rico and Hawaii, cassava grows naturally and abundantly due to the consistent warmth and humidity.
These islands have long histories of cassava farming, so there is local knowledge and support to help new growers succeed.
The climate provides year-round growing seasons without the threat of frost, allowing cassava roots to mature fully and produce high yields.
Soils tend to be fertile, and rainfall is usually adequate, though supplemental irrigation is available if needed.
Both regions have established agricultural networks, including extension services and markets, making it easier to access disease-free planting material and share best practices.
Local demand for cassava products is strong because of traditional cuisines and growing interest in gluten-free and natural foods.
If you’re farming in Puerto Rico or Hawaii, cassava offers a proven, profitable crop with community and market support.
Related: Cassava Flour Shopping Guide for US Consumers
Seasonal Challenges You Need to Know Before Growing Cassava
Cassava takes time to grow and needs steady warmth.
If you’re planning to grow it in the U.S., it’s important to understand how the seasons affect your chances of success.
Let’s break it down.
Long Growing Time Needs Careful Planning
Cassava needs 8 to 12 months in the ground before you can harvest it.
That means you’ll need to plant early and time your season just right. If your region has a short growing window, start as soon as the last frost ends.
Late planting can leave your crop vulnerable to cold weather before it matures.
Planning helps you avoid losses and make the most of the growing season.
Cold Weather Can Ruin Your Crop
Cassava does not like frost. Even a light freeze can damage the plant and reduce your harvest.
If you’re growing in a place where the temperature dips, you’ll need to take action.
Some farmers use row covers or try varieties with better cold tolerance.
The key is to protect your crop during cold snaps and never wait too long to harvest.
Fall Weather Cuts Growth Short
As fall approaches, shorter days and cooler nights can slow cassava growth. That’s why early planting matters.
The more growing time you give your cassava before fall hits, the better your yield.
If you’re in a borderline zone, like parts of northern Florida or southeastern Texas, watch your forecast closely and aim to harvest before the first chill.
Not Ideal for Every U.S. Region
While cassava can grow in places like southern Florida, Texas, and Puerto Rico, it’s not the best fit for northern states.
The long season and frost risk make it tough to grow at scale outside warm-weather zones.
That said, if you’re in the right region and willing to work around the climate, cassava can still be worth your effort.
Related: 9 Reasons Why Cassava Should Be a Staple in America
Real-Life Trials: Can Cassava Grow Well in the United States?
If you’re wondering how cassava performs on American soil, real-world trials in Florida and Texas have started to answer that question.
Researchers and farmers are testing how well this tropical root handles U.S. climates and farming conditions.
Here’s what those experiments reveal, and what you can learn from them.
Florida Farmers Test Different Varieties
In Florida, small farmers have tried growing cassava on their land using both local and improved varieties.
Some of these tests happened in backyards, others on community farms.
The warm, humid weather worked in cassava’s favor.
Yields were strong, and some varieties showed resistance to common diseases.
If you’re farming in southern Florida, your soil and weather might be a good match for cassava, especially with the right variety and planting time.
Texas Trials Focus on Drought and Soil
Texas A&M University has been leading field trials to test how cassava performs in dry conditions.
With smart irrigation and good soil management, the plants showed strong drought resistance.
If you’re in southern Texas, where water is limited, cassava could be a smart addition to your rotation.
Researchers also found that proper spacing and nutrient support helped boost root development, even in challenging soils.
Home Gardeners Show It Can Work Locally
It’s not just big farms doing the testing. Home gardeners in both states have had success growing cassava for personal use.
They’ve learned how to prepare the soil, when to plant, and how to harvest safely.
These small experiments show that cassava can grow outside its native regions with a little care.
If you’re looking to try cassava in your backyard, these early tests offer useful tips.
More Trials Mean More Knowledge
Each of these trials adds to what we know about growing cassava in the U.S.
From soil needs to weather timing, the data helps future farmers avoid common mistakes.
As more research comes out, you’ll get clearer answers on how to manage cassava in different states.
This shared knowledge is making it easier for new growers to join the movement and get results faster.
Growing Cassava Indoors or in a Greenhouse
If you live in a colder region or face unpredictable weather, growing cassava indoors or in a greenhouse could open up new possibilities.
Controlled environments give you more flexibility with timing, temperature, and production.
Extend the Growing Season and Beat the Cold
Cassava needs warmth to grow, and that can be hard to get if you’re in a state with cold winters or early frosts.
With a greenhouse or indoor setup, you can grow cassava all year. That means no waiting for the right season.
You create your own. It also helps you avoid sudden cold snaps that would normally destroy cassava in the field.
Manage Temperature, Light, and Moisture on Your Terms
Cassava thrives in stable conditions. When you grow it indoors, you control the light, humidity, and temperature.
You can fine-tune the environment to help your plants grow faster and stronger.
This control helps reduce stress on the plant, lowers disease risks, and gives you more consistent results with each crop.
Save Space and Water with Soil-Free Growing Systems
You don’t need acres of farmland to grow cassava indoors.
Hydroponic and aeroponic systems make it possible to grow cassava without soil.
These methods use vertical space and recycle water, which cuts down on waste.
If you’re working with limited space or want a sustainable option, this can be a smart move, just be ready to learn how cassava roots behave in these systems.
Weigh the Costs Before You Commit
Indoor growing has its upsides, but you need to factor in the startup and maintenance costs.
You’ll spend more upfront on things like lighting, heating, and ventilation.
Energy costs can also add up. Before you start, compare these costs to what you might earn from your crop.
Cassava grows well in warm weather for free, so indoor farming needs a solid plan to stay profitable.
Legal and Agricultural Considerations for Growing Cassava in the U.S.
If you’re thinking about growing cassava in the U.S., you’ll need more than just the right soil and climate.
Understanding the legal and agricultural requirements is just as important as choosing where to plant.
Know the Rules Around Plant Importation
Before you import cassava cuttings or planting materials, check with the USDA and your state agriculture office.
These agencies set the rules to protect local farms from pests and diseases.
You’ll need to source cuttings from approved suppliers and follow quarantine or inspection steps where required.
Doing this helps prevent the spread of viruses like cassava mosaic and keeps your farm in good standing.
Use Certified Cuttings for Better Results
Using uncertified planting material can lead to poor growth or even crop failure. Instead, go for certified cassava cuttings that are disease-free.
These come from approved nurseries or seed programs and give your farm a stronger start.
They also reduce the risk of spreading plant diseases across your field or nearby farms.
Starting clean is worth it in the long run.
Choose Varieties That Fit Your Climate
Not every cassava variety grows well everywhere. In warm U.S. regions like Florida or Texas, certain varieties have proven to work better.
Varieties like TMS 30572 and TMS 4(2)1425 are known for their high yields and disease resistance.
Pick one that fits your local conditions. If you’re unsure, reach out to your extension agent or local trial farm for suggestions based on your region.
Connect With Local Ag Support
If you’re new to cassava, working with local agricultural programs can give you a big advantage.
Many states offer resources through extension offices or universities.
These groups can help you find certified cuttings, offer soil testing, and answer questions about best planting practices.
You don’t have to figure it all out on your own; use the support available to you.
Opportunities and Limitations of Growing Cassava in the U.S.
If you’re considering cassava as a crop, you’re not alone. With rising interest in gluten-free foods and ethnic cuisine, cassava is getting attention in places where it was once unknown.
Gluten-Free Demand Creates New Markets
You’ve probably seen the shift toward gluten-free foods. Cassava flour gives you a solid way into this growing market.
It works well in baked goods, snacks, and mixes.
Food manufacturers and health-conscious consumers are actively looking for alternatives to wheat, and cassava offers a clean, starch-rich option that fits their needs.
If you can supply good-quality flour, you can stand out.
Ethnic Food Growth Drives Consistent Sales
Cassava is a staple in many African, Asian, and Latin American cultures.
As these communities grow in the U.S., so does the demand for cassava-based foods.
If you sell to ethnic grocers, restaurants, or food distributors, you tap into a market that already values cassava.
This demand gives you a steady customer base and repeat sales with less marketing push.
Research and Education Can Fill Knowledge Gaps
Cassava is still new to many American farmers, but this also means opportunity.
Universities and research groups are starting trials to improve cassava varieties, test growing methods, and study pest resistance.
If you’re near an agricultural college or research station, get involved.
You can benefit from their findings while helping shape cassava’s future in the U.S.
Warm Climate Zones Are Still Limited
Cassava needs heat and rain. If you farm in southern Florida, southern Texas, Puerto Rico, or Hawaii, you’re in a better position to grow it well.
In cooler or drier areas, cassava might not thrive without careful planning or greenhouses.
Finding the right microclimate and planting schedule will be key to getting good yields.
Land Use and Crop Competition Add Pressure
Even if you’re in a warm region, land might already be tied up with crops like sugarcane, soybeans, or fruits.
Urban development is also pushing farmland out.
This makes it harder to find affordable land for cassava, especially if you’re just starting out.
You’ll need to weigh land costs against cassava’s profit potential.
Farmer Awareness and Processing Know-How Are Low
Most U.S. farmers are not familiar with cassava’s growing cycle, harvest methods, or post-harvest processing.
That can slow adoption. If you’re serious about it, you’ll need to do your research or connect with mentors in countries that already grow cassava well.
You’ll also need a plan for turning raw roots into flour or chips that sell.
Processing and Marketing Require Strategy
Cassava has a short shelf life once harvested, which makes processing a priority.
If you’re not near a mill or buyer, this can hurt your profits. You’ll also need to educate your market.
Most American consumers don’t know much about cassava.
Telling your story and showing how your product fits their lifestyle will help you stand out.
How to Grow Cassava in America
Growing cassava in the U.S. starts with the right climate and a solid plan.
If you live in a warm region like Florida, southern Texas, Puerto Rico, or Hawaii, you’re already in a better position to get started.
Start With Healthy Cassava Cuttings
You don’t grow cassava from seeds. You’ll need stem cuttings from mature, disease-free plants.
These cuttings should be about 6 to 9 inches long with at least 5 to 7 nodes.
Plant them horizontally or at a 45-degree angle with a few nodes below the soil.
Make sure you get your cuttings from a certified source to avoid pest and disease problems.
Choose Soil That Drains Well
Cassava likes well-drained, loamy soil with plenty of organic matter.
Avoid heavy clay or compacted soils, as they can stunt root growth.
If you’re not sure about your soil quality, get it tested before planting.
The ideal pH is between 5.5 and 7.5. You can improve poor soil by adding compost or aged manure.
Space Your Plants for Strong Roots
Cassava needs room to grow thick, healthy tubers. Space your plants about 3 feet apart, with 3 to 4 feet between rows.
This gives each plant enough space to form strong roots and makes it easier for you to weed, fertilize, or harvest later.
Water Regularly But Don’t Overdo It
Cassava can survive dry conditions once it’s established, but it needs moisture early on.
Water your plants consistently during the first two to three months after planting.
After that, they can handle some drought. Just avoid waterlogged conditions, which can rot the roots.
Feed the Soil With the Right Nutrients
Fertilizer isn’t always necessary, but it helps.
You can apply a balanced fertilizer early in the growing cycle, especially if your soil test shows deficiencies.
Organic options like compost, fish emulsion, or seaweed extract can also support healthy root growth.
Watch for Pests and Diseases
In the U.S., cassava pests are not as widespread as in Africa or Asia, but you still need to watch out.
Common threats include mealybugs, mites, and root rot. Use clean planting materials, rotate crops, and remove infected plants to protect your field.
You can also contact your local extension office for region-specific pest control advice.
Be Patient With Harvest Time
Cassava takes 8 to 12 months to mature, depending on the variety and growing conditions. Don’t rush the harvest.
The roots are ready when the leaves start to yellow and fall off naturally.
Use a shovel or fork to loosen the soil before pulling out the tubers by hand. Handle them carefully to avoid bruising.
Use or Process Roots Quickly
Cassava roots don’t store well once harvested. Plan to either process them into flour, chips, or starch, or sell them quickly.
If you have access to a local processor or are setting up your own, time the harvest so the roots move fast from farm to market.
For a quick of overview of how cassava plant does in the United States, watch this video from David The Good: What You Need to Know About Growing and Using Cassava as a Staple Crop
Frequently Asked Questions
Can cassava grow in colder U.S. states?
No, cassava is sensitive to frost and requires warm temperatures year-round, making colder states unsuitable for outdoor cultivation.
What soil does cassava need in the U.S.?
Cassava grows best in well-drained, sandy loam soil with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. Heavy clay soils should be avoided.
How long does cassava take to mature in the U.S.?
Cassava usually takes 8 to 12 months to mature before harvest, depending on the variety and climate conditions.
Are there legal restrictions on growing cassava in the U.S.?
Yes, importing cassava cuttings requires USDA approval to prevent disease spread. Certified, disease-free planting material is necessary.
Conclusion
If you’re thinking about growing cassava in the U.S., focus on warm regions like southern Florida, Texas, Puerto Rico, or Hawaii.
Cassava needs steady warmth, well-drained soil, and a long growing season to develop healthy roots.
Although it is not suited for cooler states, farmers in suitable zones are testing varieties that handle local conditions and pests well.
Keep in mind that cassava roots spoil quickly after harvest, so processing or selling them fast is important.
As demand grows for gluten-free and alternative crops, cassava offers an interesting option for diversifying American agriculture with tropical roots that can adapt to certain U.S. climates.
References
I am Chimeremeze, a certified cassava farmer, processor and exporter. Also a writer and researcher with deep-rooted experience in processing, consuming, and utilizing locally produced cassava products, including cassava flour, tapioca flour and starch, garri, fufu, fried cassava balls, abacha, cassava chips, and more. Growing up in a community where cassava farming is a way of life, we have mastered its cultivation, processing, and sustainability, making it an essential part of our heritage.
My passion for the cassava plant and its countless benefits drives my research and writing, shedding light on its significance to West Africa and beyond. I also explore the impact of palm oil, another cornerstone of African agriculture, and how it continues to shape economies, diets, and traditions across the continent and the world.